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| Other = Shan Fu }} Xu Shu (birth and death dates unknown), courtesy name Yuanzhi, originally named Shan Fu, was an official of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. He was born sometime in the late Eastern Han dynasty and used to be a vigilante swordsman in his early life. However, after running into trouble with the authorities, he renounced his old ways and took up scholarly pursuits. He lived a reclusive life from the 190s to mid-200s (decade) in Jing Province (covering present-day Hubei and Hunan provinces), where he met and befriended Zhuge Liang. In late 207, he became an adviser to the warlord Liu Bei and served under Liu for about a year. He also recommended Zhuge Liang to Liu Bei during this period of time. In late 208, Liu Bei was defeated at the Battle of Changban by his rival Cao Cao. Xu Shu's mother was captured by Cao Cao's forces during the battle. Feeling lost and without a sense of direction, Xu Shu eventually left Liu Bei and joined Cao Cao. He continued serving in the state of Cao Wei – founded by Cao Cao's son and successor, Cao Pi, who ended the Han dynasty – and died of illness in office. Xu Shu's defection from Liu Bei to Cao Cao was fictionalised in the historical novel ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms''. In the novel, he was Liu Bei's chief strategist before Zhuge Liang came along, and he once helped Liu repel two attacks from Cao Cao's general Cao Ren. He was eventually tricked by Cao Cao into leaving Liu Bei and joining Cao, but he recommended Zhuge Liang to Liu before leaving and swore never to give advice to Cao. ==Early life== Xu Shu was from Yingchuan commandery (潁川郡), Yu Province, which is in present-day central Henan.〔(惟博陵崔州平、潁川徐庶元直與亮友善，謂為信然。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 35.〕 His original family name was "Shan" (單) and his original given name was "Fu" (福). He was a swordsman in his early life and he once helped someone take revenge by killing another person. To avoid being recognised, he covered his face with white chalk and let his hair run wild. He was later arrested by an official, who asked him for his name, but he did not reply. The official tied him to a cart, had him paraded through the streets, and asked for any person who could identify him. No one came forth. Xu Shu was later rescued by his fellows. He was so grateful to be saved that he gave up his life as a swordsman and became a scholar.〔(魏略曰：庶先名福，本單家子，少好任俠擊劒。中平末，甞為人報讎，白堊突靣，被髮而走，為吏所得，問其姓字，閉口不言。吏乃於車上立柱維磔之，擊鼓以令於市鄽，莫敢識者，而其黨伍共篡解之，得脫。於是感激，棄其刀戟，更踈巾單衣，折節學問。) ''Weilue'' annotation in ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 35.〕 When Xu Shu first attended school, his mates ostracised him because of his background, but he remained humble and hardworking. He woke up early, cleaned the school alone, and paid great attention to his schoolwork. He met Shi Tao (石韜; also known as Shi Guangyuan 石廣元) and they became close friends. In the early 190s, when wars broke out in central China, Xu Shu and Shi Tao moved south to Jing Province (covering present-day Hubei and Hunan), where they met Zhuge Liang and befriended him.〔(始詣精舍，諸生聞其前作賊，不肯與共止。福乃卑躬早起，常獨掃除，動靜先意，聽習經業，義理精孰。遂與同郡石韜相親愛。初平中，中州兵起，乃與韜南客荊州，到，又與諸葛亮特相善。) ''Weilue'' annotation in ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 35.〕 During his time in Jing Province from the late 190s to the early 200s (decade), Xu Shu maintained close friendships with Zhuge Liang, Shi Tao and Meng Gongwei (孟公威). They travelled and studied together.〔(魏略曰：亮在荊州，以建安初與潁川石廣元、徐元直、汝南孟公威等俱游學，三人務於精熟，而亮獨觀其大略。) ''Weilue'' annotation in ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 35.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Xu Shu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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